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Laurel forest, also called laurisilva or laurissilva, is a type of subtropical forest found in areas with high humidity and relatively stable, mild temperatures. The forest is characterized by broadleaf tree species with evergreen , glossy and elongated leaves, known as "laurophyll" or "lauroid".
The paleobotanical record of the island of Madeira reveals that the laurel forest existed on this island at least 1.8 million years ago. [2] UNESCO justified the inclusion of this place within the world heritage precisely because it is the largest remaining laurel forest, in the past spread throughout Europe while today is practically extinct.
Approximately 15,000 hectares (37,000 acres) of laurissilva remain on Madeira, mostly on the northern side of the island. 90% of the laurissilva is primary forest, and includes trees up to 800 years old that predate settlement of the islands. The remaining 10% is secondary growth in areas that were last cut during the mid-20th century. [2]
Laurel forests, or laurisilva, are found at middle elevations, from 500 and 1400 meters elevation. These forests are characterized by evergreen broadleaf trees, including many in the laurel family ( Lauraceae ) – Ocotea foetens , Apollonias barbujana , Laurus novocanariensis , and Persea indica – together with Prunus lusitanica , Picconia ...
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Map of the pre-Brexit European Union in the world, with overseas countries and territories (OCT) and outermost regions (OMR) for which Madeira is included Madeira is an Outermost Region (OMR) of the European Union , meaning that due to its geographical situation, it is entitled to derogation from some EU policies.
The laurel is an evergreen shrub or small tree, variable in size and sometimes reaching 7–18 m (23–59 ft) tall. [4] The genus Laurus includes three accepted species, [6] whose diagnostic key characters often overlap. [7] The bay laurel is dioecious , with male and female flowers on separate plants. [8]
Subtropical evergreen laurel forest of Yanbaru Yambaru National Park ( やんばる国立公園 , Yanbaru Kokuritsu Kōen ) is a national park in Okinawa Prefecture , Japan . Established in 2016, it is located in and around the forested region of Yambaru at the northern end of Okinawa Island .