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Slow-wave sleep is considered important for memory consolidation. [8] This is sometimes referred to as "sleep-dependent memory processing". [9] Impaired memory consolidation has been seen in individuals with primary insomnia, who thus do not perform as well as those who are healthy in memory tasks following a period of sleep.
Young woman asleep over study materials. The relationship between sleep and memory has been studied since at least the early 19th century.Memory, the cognitive process of storing and retrieving past experiences, learning and recognition, [1] is a product of brain plasticity, the structural changes within synapses that create associations between stimuli.
A study has shown that the appearance of an alpha rhythm with open eyes can be a predictor of visual information processing in working memory. [31] It was shown that the moment of appearance of alpha activity depends on the type of stimulus in memory and the number of visual characteristics (color, shape, etc.) that it needs to keep in memory.
Neural oscillations, in particular theta activity, are extensively linked to memory function. Theta rhythms are very strong in rodent hippocampi and entorhinal cortex during learning and memory retrieval, and they are believed to be vital to the induction of long-term potentiation, a potential cellular mechanism for learning and memory.
K-complexes have two proposed functions: [1] first, suppressing cortical arousal in response to stimuli that the sleeping brain evaluates not to signal danger, and second, aiding sleep-based memory consolidation. The K-complex was discovered in 1937 in the private laboratories of Alfred Lee Loomis. [2]
Non-rapid eye movement sleep is known for its beneficial effect on memory consolidation, especially for declarative memory (while procedural memory improvement is more associated with REM-sleep), [26] even if establishing a clear-cut distinction between stages' influence on type of learning may not be possible. [27]
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This circuit provides the pathway by which SWRs affect the cortical areas, and also receive inputs from them. Consequently, this loop is shown to be the pathway responsible for conversion of short-term memory to long-term memory. The trisynaptic loop of the hippocampus is one of the most thoroughly studied circuits for long-term potentiation.