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In population survey and questionnaire pretesting, a respondent is a research participant replying with answers or feedback to a survey. [2] [3] Depending on the survey questions and context, respondent answers may represent themselves as individuals, a household or organization of which they are a part, or as a proxy to another individual.
Now, face-to-face surveys (CAPI), telephone surveys , and mail surveys (CASI, CSAQ) are increasingly replaced by web surveys. [2] In addition, remote interviewers could possibly keep the respondent engaged while reducing cost as compared to in-person interviewers.
Response bias is a general term for a wide range of tendencies for participants to respond inaccurately or falsely to questions. These biases are prevalent in research involving participant self-report, such as structured interviews or surveys. [1] Response biases can have a large impact on the validity of questionnaires or surveys. [1] [2]
Recall bias can lead to misinformation based on a respondent misrecalling the facts in question. Social desirability bias can lead a respondent to respond in a fashion that he or she thinks is correct or better or less embarrassing, rather than providing true and honest responses.
Surveys are limited to populations that are contactable by a mail service. Reliant on high levels of literacy; Allows survey participants to remain anonymous (e.g. using identical paper forms). Limited ability to build rapport with the respondent, or to answer questions about the purpose of the research. Telephone
Internet surveys include a variety of survey modes (e.g. mail, web) where the most widely used are web surveys. The interviewer is not present. Virtual interviewer surveys are usually carried out via the Internet, where some kind of virtual interviewer introduces the questions to the respondent. Future technological developments will enable ...
Internet self-response, Mail response [5] American Housing Survey: United States Census Bureau [6] Household members at least 16 years old [6] 186,000 [4] 1973 [6] Ongoing Housing conditions and costs [6] Face-to-face interview format, Phone response [7] American Time Use Survey: Bureau of Labor Statistics [4] 25,000 [4] 2003 Ongoing
In qualitative research, a member check, also known as informant feedback or respondent validation, is a technique used by researchers to help improve the accuracy, credibility, validity, and transferability (also known as applicability, internal validity, [1] or fittingness) of a study. [2]