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The prosecutor must disclose arrest photographs of the defendant when those photos do not match the victim's description. [ 11 ] Some state systems have expansively defined Brady material to include many other items, including for example any documents which might reflect negatively on a witness's credibility.
In some countries such as Germany, the prosecutor has to actively search for both exculpatory and inculpatory circumstances and evidence before filing of action. [3] Per the Brady v. Maryland decision, prosecutors in the United States have a duty to disclose exculpatory evidence even if not requested to do so. While the prosecution is not ...
Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that under the Due Process Clause of the Constitution of the United States, the prosecution must turn over to a criminal defendant any significant evidence in its possession that suggests the defendant is not guilty (exculpatory evidence).
Evidence-based prosecution (sometimes termed "victimless prosecution") refers to a collection of techniques utilized by prosecutors in domestic violence cases to convict abusers without the cooperation of an alleged victim. It is widely practiced within the American legal system by specialized prosecutors and state's attorneys and relies on ...
In United States criminal procedure, the Federal government and certain states have reciprocal discovery laws that compel defendants to disclose some information to prosecutors before trial. [1] Within the federal court system, [ 2 ] this material is referred to as reverse Jencks Act material , after the United States Supreme Court case which ...
Three months later, Agurs' attorney filed a motion for a new trial, alleging that (1) Sewell had a criminal record that tended to prove he was a violent person, (2) that the prosecution had failed to disclose Sewell's record to Agurs' counsel, and (3) Sewell's record was admissible even if Agurs did not know about his history. [1]
Some state laws apply to only victims of felony offenses, while other states also extend rights to victims of less serious misdemeanor offenses. [20] When a victim is a minor, disabled, or deceased, some states permit family members to exercise rights on behalf of the victim. [20] Common state law protections include the rights to: [20]
In the United States federal system, the prosecutor has wide latitude in determining when, who, how, and even whether to prosecute for apparent violations of federal criminal law. The prosecutor's broad discretion in such areas as initiating or forgoing prosecutions, selecting or recommending specific charges, and terminating prosecutions by ...