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Advantages of cluster-randomised controlled trials over individually randomised controlled trials include: The ability to study interventions that cannot be directed toward selected individuals (e.g., a radio show about lifestyle changes) and the ability to control for "contamination" across individuals (e.g., one individual's changing behaviors may influence another individual to do so).
A mix-up rated as contamination could in reality be a simple confusion of two cell lines, but usually contamination is assumed. [ citation needed ] After a cell line has been discovered to be contaminated, it is usually never used again for research demanding the specific type of cell line they were assumed to be.
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For curative treatments or rapidly changing conditions, cross-over trials may be infeasible or unethical. Crossover studies often have two problems: First is the issue of "order" effects, because it is possible that the order in which treatments are administered may affect the outcome. An example might be a drug with many adverse effects given ...
Genetic pollution is a term for uncontrolled [1] [2] gene flow into wild populations. It is defined as "the dispersal of contaminated altered genes from genetically engineered organisms to natural organisms, esp. by cross-pollination", [3] but has come to be used in some broader ways.
Qualitative research is a type of research that aims to gather and analyse non-numerical (descriptive) data in order to gain an understanding of individuals' social reality, including understanding their attitudes, beliefs, and motivation.
“Just cross it over, punch it back, protect that beautiful face,” she explains. “We’re keeping it all low-impact! Yes, easy on the joints, but we’re really working out. Hold it strong ...
Within the sciences, the word "contamination" can take on a variety of subtle differences in meaning, whether the contaminant is a solid or a liquid, [3] as well as the variance of environment the contaminant is found to be in. [2] A contaminant may even be more abstract, as in the case of an unwanted energy source that may interfere with a process. [2]