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Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms. Acardiac twin; Achondrogenesis; Achondroplasia; Adrenal hematoma; Agenesis of the corpus callosum; Amniotic band syndrome ...
Fetus in fetu may be a parasitic twin fetus growing within its host twin. Very early in a monozygotic twin pregnancy, in which both fetuses share a common placenta, one fetus wraps around and envelops the other. The enveloped twin becomes a parasite, in that its survival depends on the survival of the host twin, by drawing on the host twin's ...
The CDC and National Birth Defect Project studied the incidence of birth defects in the US. Key findings include: [ citation needed ] Down syndrome was the most common condition with an estimated prevalence of 14.47 per 10,000 live births, implying about 6,000 diagnoses each year.
Heart disorders (Congenital heart defects) Hemifacial microsomia; Holoprosencephaly; Huntington's disease; Hirschsprung's disease, or congenital aganglionic megacolon; Hypertrichosis; Hypoglossia; Hypomelanism or hypomelanosis (albinism) Hypospadias; Haemophilia; Heterochromia; Hemochromatosis
Many organ systems are affected by triploidy, but the central nervous system and skeleton are the most severely affected: . Common central nervous system defects seen in triploidy include holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus (increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain), ventriculomegaly, Arnold–Chiari malformation, agenesis of the corpus callosum and neural tube defects.
Hypospadias is a common malformation in fetal development of the penis in which the urethra does not open from its usual location on the head of the penis. It is the second-most common birth defect of the male reproductive system, affecting about one of every 250 males at birth, [3] although when including milder cases, is found in up to 4% of newborn males. [4]
Preaxial polydactyly occurs in 0.08 to 1.4 in 1,000 live births. In the United States, it is more common in White people and also relatively frequent in Native American and Asian people. [51] A 1994 study by Finley et al. combined data from Jefferson County, Alabama, United States, and Uppsala County, Sweden. This study found incidence of all ...
Eye abnormalities including cataracts, infantile glaucoma and retinopathy are common in infants born with CRS. [27] Infants should undergo eye examinations after birth and during early childhood. Those with congenital eye defects require care from a pediatric ophthalmologist for specialized care and follow up. [4]