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Aqueous solutions of calcium chloride tend to be slightly acidic due to the influence of the chloride ions on the hydrogen ion concentration in water. The slight acidity of calcium chloride solutions is primarily due to the increased ionic strength of the solution, which can influence the activity of hydrogen ions and lower the pH slightly.
i = 2.3 for calcium chloride in water, due to nearly full dissociation of CaCl 2 into Ca 2+ and 2Cl − (often simplified as 3) Non integer i factors result from ion pairs in solution, which lower the effective number of particles in the solution. Equation after including the van 't Hoff factor ΔT b = K b · b solute · i
Calcium chloride treatment is generally used for the transformation of E. coli and other bacteria. [11] It enhances plasmid DNA incorporation by the bacterial cell, promoting genetic transformation. Plasmid DNA can attach to LPS by being added to the cell solution together with CaCl 2. [12]
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Calcium hypochlorite is a general oxidizing agent and therefore finds some use in organic chemistry. [6] For instance the compound is used to cleave glycols, α-hydroxy carboxylic acids and keto acids to yield fragmented aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [7] Calcium hypochlorite can also be used in the haloform reaction to manufacture chloroform. [8]
Ringer's lactate solution (RL), also known as sodium lactate solution, Lactated Ringer's (LR), and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. [1] It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure. [2]
Magnesium chloride works down to 0 degrees, while calcium chloride continues to melt ice when the temperature drops below zero. However, both can be corrosive to concrete and will also harm plants ...
A solution containing an aqua ion does not have the long-range order that would be present in a crystal containing the same ion, but there is short-range order. X-ray diffraction on solutions yields a radial distribution function from which the coordination number of the metal ion and metal-oxygen distance may be derived. With aqua ions of high ...