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In adults, septic arthritis most commonly causes pain, swelling and warmth at the affected joint. [2] [11] Therefore, those affected by septic arthritis will often refuse to use the extremity and prefer to hold the joint rigidly. Fever is also a symptom; however, it is less likely in older people. [12]
[3] [4] Septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency, which, if treatment is delayed, can lead to irreversible joint damage. Septic arthritis occurs more often in childhood than at any other time. [4] [5] Kocher criteria are a useful guide to the diagnosis of septic arthritis in children, especially in the hip, one of the most frequently ...
Arthritis caused by bacterial infection of the joint is termed septic arthritis and does not commonly affect multiple joints. It may notably be caused by gonococcus . Bacteria can also cause polyarthritis not by directly infecting the joints; instead, infection located elsewhere in the body can cause immune reaction , which becomes the direct ...
Treatment can vary depending on the cause and severity of the condition. Physical therapy, acupuncture, and anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat the disease. In more severe cases, intra-articular corticosteroid injections or surgical joint replacement may be necessary. Joint drainage and antibiotics are used to treat septic arthritis.
[17] [18] If septic arthritis needs to be ruled out, needle aspiration of the fluid can be performed under ultrasound guidance. [19] In transient synovitis, the joint fluid will be clear. [5] In septic arthritis, there will be pus in the joint, which can be sent for bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing.
Early treatment for arthritis commonly includes resting the affected joint and conservative measures such as heating or icing. [7] [13] Weight loss and exercise may also be useful to reduce the force across a weightbearing joint. [7] [14] Medication intervention for symptoms depends on the form of arthritis.
Treatment depends on a specific underlying cause. The underlying cause will be treated first and foremost. The treatments may include joint replacement surgery for severely damaged joints, immunosuppressants for immune system dysfunction, antibiotics when an infection is the cause, and discontinuing medication when an allergic reaction is the ...
[6]: p. 360 Septic prepatellar bursitis may be diagnosed if the fluid is found to have a neutrophil count above 1500 per microliter, [5]: p. 608 a threshold significantly lower than that of septic arthritis (50,000 cells per microliter). [6]: p. 360 A tuberculosis infection can be confirmed using a radiograph of the knee and urinalysis. [12]