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A subset is citation plagiarism – willful or negligent failure to appropriately credit other or prior discoverers, so as to give an improper impression of priority. This is also known as, "citation amnesia", the "disregard syndrome" and "bibliographic negligence". [15] Arguably, this is the most common type of scientific misconduct.
Gross negligence is the "lack of slight diligence or care" or "a conscious, voluntary act or omission in reckless disregard of a legal duty and of the consequences to another party." [1] In some jurisdictions a person injured as a result of gross negligence may be able to recover punitive damages from the person who caused the injury or loss.
Willful violation is defined as an "act done voluntarily with either an intentional disregard of, or plain indifference to," the requirements of Acts, regulations, statutes or relevant workplace policies. [1][2][3] This is described with slightly different emphasis in an OSHA technical manual that a "willful violation exists under the Act where ...
Misconduct. Misconduct is wrongful, improper, or unlawful conduct motivated by premeditated or intentional purpose or by obstinate indifference to the consequences of one's acts. It is an act which is forbidden or a failure to do that which is required. Misconduct may involve harm to another person's health or well-being.
Willful misconduct is generally described as "the intentional violation of a known legal duty." Willful misconduct is therefore distinguishable from misconduct which is merely negligent, mistaken or inadvertent. The Internal Revenue Manual recognizes this distinction by requiring that Internal Revenue Code Section 6694(a) ("understatement due ...
Nonfeasance is the failure to act where action is required—willfully or in neglect. Nonfeasance is similar to omission. Misfeasance is the willful inappropriate action or intentional incorrect action or advice. Malfeasance is the willful and intentional action that injures a party. For example, if a company hires a catering company to provide ...
Perjury operates in American law as an inherited principle of the common law of England, which defined the act as the "willful and corrupt giving, upon a lawful oath, or in any form allowed by law to be substituted for an oath, in a judicial proceeding or course of justice, of a false testimony material to the issue or matter of inquiry". [38]
However, willful misconduct may result in disciplinary action such as termination of employment—even if no harm was caused. Work on just culture has been applied to industrial, [6] healthcare, [7] [8] aviation [9] [10] and other [11] settings.