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A server is a computer that provides information to other computers called "clients" on a computer network. [1] This architecture is called the client–server model . Servers can provide various functionalities, often called "services", such as sharing data or resources among multiple clients or performing computations for a client.
For example, to develop a web application, the architect defines the stack as the target operating system, web server, database, and programming language. Another version of a software stack is operating system, middleware , database, and applications. [ 2 ]
In computer programming, machine code is computer code consisting of machine language instructions, which are used to control a computer's central processing unit (CPU). For conventional binary computers , machine code is the binary representation of a computer program which is actually read and interpreted by the computer.
The Language Server Protocol (LSP) is an open, JSON-RPC-based protocol for use between source code editors or integrated development environments (IDEs) and servers that provide "language intelligence tools": [1] programming language-specific features like code completion, syntax highlighting and marking of warnings and errors, as well as refactoring routines.
A shared resource may be any of the server computer's software and electronic components, from programs and data to processors and storage devices. The sharing of resources of a server constitutes a service. Whether a computer is a client, a server, or both, is determined by the nature of the application that requires the service functions.
This is a very brief history of web server programs, so some information necessarily overlaps with the histories of the web browsers, the World Wide Web and the Internet; therefore, for the sake of clarity and understandability, some key historical information below reported may be similar to that found also in one or more of the above-mentioned history articles.
As of 21 January 2025 (two months after PHP 8.4's release), PHP is used as the server-side programming language on 75.0% of websites where the language could be determined; PHP 7 is the most used version of the language with 47.1% of websites using PHP being on that version, while 40.6% use PHP 8, 12.2% use PHP 5 and 0.1% use PHP 4. [19]
Network programming traditionally covers different layers of OSI/ISO model (most of application-level programming belongs to L4 and up). The table below contains some examples of popular protocols belonging to different OSI/ISO layers, and popular APIs for them.