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In 2021, the 40th Chief of Staff of the United States Army identified three dimensions of military competition: 1) narrative, 2) direct , and 3) indirect (non-zero sum) competition. [74] Narrative competition shapes and frames a baseline within which direct, or indirect competition with adversaries are related.
Cognitive warfare (CW) consists of any military activities designed to affect attitudes and behaviours, by influencing, protecting, or disrupting individual, group, or population level cognition. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is an extension of information warfare using propaganda and disinformation .
Task conflict encourages greater cognitive understanding of the issue being discussed. This leads to better decision making for the groups that use task conflict. [13] The second is affective acceptance of group decisions. Task conflict can lead to increased satisfaction with the group decision and a desire to stay in the group. [14]
Data suggested the activity was a series of covert campaigns rather than a single operation. [37] [38] In operations in the South and East China Seas, both the United States and China have been engaged in "cognitive warfare", which involves displays of force, staged photographs and sharing disinformation.
Realistic conflict theory (RCT), also known as realistic group conflict theory (RGCT), [1] [2] is a social psychological model of intergroup conflict. [3] The theory explains how intergroup hostility can arise as a result of conflicting goals and competition over limited resources, and it also offers an explanation for the feelings of prejudice and discrimination toward the outgroup that ...
President Joe Biden will meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping at a summit of Pacific Rim nations in the San Francisco Bay area, the White House announced.
Conflict theories are perspectives in political philosophy and sociology which argue that individuals and groups (social classes) within society interact on the basis of conflict rather than agreement, while also emphasizing social psychology, historical materialism, power dynamics, and their roles in creating power structures, social movements, and social arrangements within a society.
The sociological study of peace, war, and social conflict uses sociological theory and methods to analyze group conflicts, especially collective violence and alternative constructive nonviolent forms of conflict transformation. These concepts have been applied to current wars, like the War in Ukraine, and researchers note that ordinary people ...