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Download as PDF; Printable version ... excessive grooming dogs and ... atipamezole – α 2-adrenergic antagonist used to reverse the sedative and analgesic effects ...
Butorphanol is used for sedation and mild to moderate pain control in dogs and cats. It is not considered adequate pain control in dogs undergoing surgical pain. It is used for operative and accident-related pain in small mammals such as dogs, cats, ferrets, coatis, raccoons, mongooses, various marsupials, some rodents and perhaps some larger ...
In the United States, xylazine was approved by the FDA only for veterinary use as a sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant in dogs, cats, horses, elk, fallow deer, mule deer, sika deer, and white-tailed deer. [1] [3] The sedative and analgesic effects of xylazine are related to central nervous system depression. Xylazine's muscle relaxant ...
Individual dogs of any breed can have a profound reaction characterized by hypotension, especially if there is an underlying heart problem. In giant-breed dogs and sighthounds, the sedative effects of acepromazine may last for 12–24 hours, which is much longer than the usual 3–4 hours. [16] [20]
In deep sedation and general anesthesia, the patient may not exhibit any signs of consciousness and therefore be unresponsive to stimulation (pin prick, incision). General anesthesia requires a breathing tube and anesthesia team and is commonly only administered in the hospital setting (i.e. heart surgery) and is not generally used for dental ...
Dexmedetomidine can also be used for procedural sedation such as during colonoscopy. [18] It can be used as an adjunct with other sedatives like benzodiazepines, opioids, and propofol to enhance sedation and help maintain hemodynamic stability by decreasing the requirement of other sedatives.
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The term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, whereas the term hypnotic describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of ...