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The Six Paths [1] in Buddhist cosmology [2] are the six worlds where sentient beings are reincarnated based on their karma, which is linked to their actions in previous lives. These paths are depicted in the Bhavacakra ("wheel of existence"). [3] The six paths are: [4] the world of gods or celestial beings ; the world of warlike demigods
Rebirths occur in six realms of existence, namely three good realms (heavenly, demi-god, human) and three evil realms (animal, ghosts, hellish). [ note 1 ] Samsara ends if a person attains nirvana , [ note 2 ] the "blowing out" of the desires and the gaining of true insight into impermanence and non-self reality.
Like Jainism, Buddhism developed its own saṃsāra theory, that evolved over time the mechanistic details on how the wheel of mundane existence works over the endless cycles of rebirth and redeath. [118] [119] In early Buddhist traditions, saṃsāra cosmology consisted of five realms through which wheel of existence recycled. [111]
These six realms are divided into three higher realms and three lower realms. The wheel can also be represented as having five realms, combining the God realm and the Demi-god realm into a single realm. The three higher realms are shown in the top half of the circle: God realm : Also known as six heavens in desire worlds.
Buddhist texts assert that rebirth can occur in six realms of existence, namely three good realms (heavenly, demi-god, human) and three evil realms (animal, hungry ghosts, hellish). [note 9] Samsara ends if a person attains nirvana, the "blowing out" of the afflictions through insight into impermanence and "non-self". [109] [110] [111]
Some Buddhist scholars such as Buddhaghosa, held that the lack of an unchanging self (atman) does not mean that there is a lack of continuity in rebirth, since there is still a causal link between lives. The process of rebirth across different realms of existence was compared to how a flame is transferred from one candle to another. [61] [62]
The six domains of the desire realm are also known as the "six paths of suffering", the "six planes", and the "six lower realms". In schools of thought that use the ten realms system, these six domains are often contrasted negatively with the "four higher realms" of Śrāvaka , Pratyekabuddha , Bodhisattva and full Buddha , which are considered ...
The ten realms are part of Buddhist cosmology and consist of four higher realms and six lower realms derived from the Indian concept of the six realms of rebirth. [3] These realms can also be described through the degrees of enlightenment that course through them. [4] They have been translated in various ways.