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Trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophytic fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. It is an exclusively clonal, [ 2 ] anthropophilic saprotroph that colonizes the upper layers of dead skin, and is the most common cause of athlete's foot , fungal infection of nail, jock itch , and ringworm worldwide. [ 3 ]
Trichophyton: rubrum, tonsurans, mentagrophytes, verrucosum, and schoenlenii [9] Microsporum: canis, audouinii, and gypseum [9] Epidermophyton: floccosum [9] About 76% of the dermatophyte species isolated from humans are Trichophyton rubrum. 27% are Trichophyton mentagrophytes; 7% are Trichophyton verrucosum; 3% are Trichophyton tonsurans
Trichophyton is a genus of fungi, which includes the parasitic varieties that cause tinea, including athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and similar infections of the nail, beard, skin and scalp. Trichophyton fungi are molds characterized by the development of both smooth-walled macro- and microconidia .
Athlete's foot is most commonly caused by the molds known as Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes, [22] but may also be caused by Epidermophyton floccosum. [23] [24] Most cases of athlete's foot in the general population are caused by T. rubrum; however, the majority of athlete's foot cases in athletes are caused by T. mentagrophytes. [13]
A 2002 study looking at 445 samples of dermatophytes in patients in Goiânia, Brazil found the most prevalent type to be Trichophyton rubrum (49.4%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (30.8%), and Microsporum canis (12.6%). [36]
[6] [8] It is contagious and can be transmitted person-to-person by skin-to-skin contact or by contact with contaminated sports clothing and sharing towels. [3] [5] The type of fungus involved may vary in different parts of the world; for example, Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum are common in New Zealand. [7]
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Butenafine is indicated for the topical treatment of tinea (pityriasis) versicolor due to Malassezia furfur, as well as athlete's foot (Tinea pedis), ringworm (Tinea corporis) and jock itch (Tinea cruris) due to Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton tonsurans.