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Marshall and Swift Cost Index, M&S (originally known as Marshall and Stevens Index): a composite of two major components - process-industry equipment average and all-industry equipment average - was established in 1926 with a value of 100. Some industries considered in the process-industry equipment average are chemicals, petroleum products ...
A cost estimate is the approximation of the cost of a program, project, or operation. The cost estimate is the product of the cost estimating process. The cost estimate has a single total value and may have identifiable component values. A problem with a cost overrun can be avoided with a credible, reliable, and accurate cost estimate. A cost ...
It is widely used in industrial engineering to calculate the capital and operating costs of a plant. [1] [2] [3] The factors were introduced by H. J. Lang and Dr Micheal Bird in Chemical Engineering magazine in 1947 as a method for estimating the total installation cost for plants and equipment.
A History of the Dow Chemical Physics Lab: The Freedom to be Creative. M. Dekker. ISBN 0-8247-8097-3. E. Ned Brandt. (2003). Growth Company: Dow Chemical's First Century. Michigan State University Press. ISBN 0-87013-426-4 online book review; Don Whitehead and Max Dendermonde. (1968). The Dow Story: The History of the Dow Chemical Co. McGraw-Hill.
A cost estimator will typically use estimating software to estimate their bid price for a project, which will ultimately become part of a resulting construction contract. Some architects, engineers, construction managers, and others may also use cost estimating software to prepare cost estimates for purposes other than bidding such as budgeting ...
Dow (DOW) should benefit from its investments in high-return growth projects and cost synergy savings.
Cost engineering is "the engineering practice devoted to the management of project cost, involving such activities as estimating, cost control, cost forecasting, investment appraisal and risk analysis". [1] "Cost Engineers budget, plan and monitor investment projects. They seek the optimum balance between cost, quality and time requirements." [2]
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory: Menlo Park, California, 1962 Stanford University (since 1962) 1,684 US$434,000,000 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Richland, Washington, 1965 Battelle Memorial Institute (since 1965) 4,100 US$727,000,000 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) Batavia, Illinois, 1967