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Three-spined stickleback research has been central to the field of eco-evolutionary dynamics. [ 52 ] [ 53 ] Eco-evolutionary dynamics is an area of study investigating how ecological processes (e.g., population dynamics , community interactions , and nutrient cycling ) affect how populations evolve, and in turn, how these patterns of evolution ...
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Prevalence — the proportion of host population infected — in naturally infected populations of the first intermediate hosts is likely low. [5] Conversely, in populations where Schistocephalus solidus infects the second intermediate host (three-spined stickleback) it can reach high prevalence, up to 93% in both European and North American populations [6] [7]
The only exception is the far larger fifteen-spined stickleback (Spinachia spinachia), which can reach 22 cm (approx. 8.8 inches). [12] Body form varies with habitat: sticklebacks in shallow lakes have developed a deep body specialized to enable feeding on benthic invertebrates, whilst those in deep oligotrophic lakes have adapted to feed on ...
Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758 (Three-spined stickleback) †Gasterosteus crenobiontus Băcescu & R. Mayer, 1956 (Techirghiol stickleback) Gasterosteus islandicus Sauvage, 1874 (Iceland stickleback) Gasterosteus microcephalus Girard, 1854 (Smallhead stickleback) Gasterosteus nipponicus Higuchi, Sakai & A. Goto, 2014 [1]
A three-spined stickleback like those used in Tinbergen's experiments. One example of fixed action patterns is the courtship and aggression behaviours of the male stickleback, particularly the three-spined stickleback, during mating season, described in a series of studies by Niko Tinbergen.
The Icelandic threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus islandicus) is a freshwater fish, and one of the few vertebrate species endemic to Iceland. In some literature it is considered as a subspecies of G. aculeatus, [2] though several authorities offer it full species status. [3] [4] It was first described by French biologist Henri Émile Sauvage ...
The parasite grows and develops in the crustacean into a stage that can infect the second intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). [29] The parasite's definitive host, a bird, then consumes the infected three-spined stickleback and the cycle is complete.
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