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Bone marrow failure in both children and adults can be either inherited or acquired. Inherited bone marrow failure is often the cause in young children, while older children and adults may acquire the disease later in life. [3] Acquired bone marrow failure may be due to aplastic anemia [4] or myelodysplastic syndrome.
Those with type I Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia often progress to bone marrow failure and aplastic anemia around age 1, while those with type II usually don't develop bone marrow failure or aplastic anemia till age 5. About 90% of those with type II CAMT develop pancytopenia. [3]
If there are no symptoms, but a paraprotein typical of myeloma and diagnostic bone marrow is present without end-organ damage, treatment is usually deferred or restricted to clinical trials. [105] Treatment for multiple myeloma is focused on decreasing the clonal plasma cell population and consequently decrease the symptoms of disease.
Bone marrow examination refers to the pathologic analysis of samples of bone marrow obtained by bone marrow biopsy (often called trephine biopsy) and bone marrow aspiration. Bone marrow examination is used in the diagnosis of a number of conditions, including leukemia , multiple myeloma , lymphoma , anemia , and pancytopenia .
Myelophthisic anemia (or myelophthisis) is a severe type of anemia found in some people with diseases that affect the bone marrow. Myelophthisis refers to the displacement of hemopoietic bone-marrow tissue [1] by fibrosis, tumors, or granulomas. The word comes from the roots myelo-, which refers to bone marrow, and phthisis, shrinkage or atrophy.
Bone marrow examination by a hematopathologist: This is required to establish the diagnosis since all hematopathologists consider dysplastic marrow the key feature of myelodysplasia. [ 37 ] Cytogenetics or chromosomal studies: This is ideally performed on the bone marrow aspirate .
What is a bone marrow transplant? A bone marrow transplant is the process in which a patient has an infusion of healthy stem cells — the immature cells that develop into red blood cells, white ...
The diagnosis can only be confirmed with a bone marrow examination. [ citation needed ] Before this procedure is undertaken, a patient will generally have had other blood tests to find diagnostic clues, including a complete blood count , renal function and electrolytes , liver enzymes , thyroid function tests, vitamin B 12 and folic acid levels.