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Simple liver cysts are seen most commonly in women and kids. [2] In terms of pathophysiology, they are formed in response to developmental events and in response to trauma and inflammation. [ 2 ] In addition, liver cysts can be seen with polycystic kidney disease and echinococcosis infection ( hydatid disease ).
At CT scans, bile duct hamartomas appear as small, well-defined hypo- or isoattenuating masses with little or no enhancement after contrast administration. [3] At MRI, they appear hypointense on T1-weighted images, iso- or slightly hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and hypointense after administration of gadolinium based contrast-agent. [3]
Given that several liver tumors appear similarly on these imaging modalities, a multi-phase contrast-enhanced imaging study such as CT or MRI may be used to provide more information. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The significance of making a specific diagnosis is that, unlike other benign liver tumors such as hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic ...
The first symptoms typically include fever, intermittent abdominal pain, and an enlarged liver.Occasionally, yellow discoloration of the skin occurs. [4] Caroli disease usually occurs in the presence of other diseases, such as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, cholangitis, gallstones, biliary abscess, sepsis, liver cirrhosis, kidney failure, and cholangiocarcinoma (7% affected). [2]
Polycystic liver disease (PLD) usually describes the presence of multiple cysts scattered throughout normal liver tissue. [1] PLD is commonly seen in association with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, with a prevalence of 1 in 400 to 1000, and accounts for 8–10% of all cases of end-stage renal disease. [2]
Treatment of hepatomegaly varies with the cause, so accurate diagnosis is the first concern. In auto-immune liver disease, prednisone and azathioprine may be used for treatment. [3] In lymphoma the treatment options include single-agent (or multi-agent) chemotherapy and regional
Liver transplantation, replacing the diseased liver with a cadaveric or a living donor liver, plays an increasing role in treatment of HCC. Although outcomes following liver transplant were initially poor (20%–36% survival rate), [ 20 ] outcomes have significantly improved with improvement in surgical techniques and adoption of the Milan ...
Liver metastasis is the more common of the two liver cancers. [3] Instances of liver cancer are increasing globally. [8] [9] Primary liver cancer is globally the sixth-most frequent cancer and the fourth-leading cause of death from cancer. [7] [10] In 2018, it occurred in 841,000 people and resulted in 782,000 deaths globally. [7]
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