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The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. It does not include any risks conferred by pharmaceutical agents or their metabolites in breast milk. Every drug has specific information listed in its product literature.
Topical nicotinamide and topical zinc are safe, however, there are no FDA pregnancy category ratings. [27] [28] Topical salicylic acid and topical dapsone are classified as FDA pregnancy category C. [23] [28] Acne medications to avoid during pregnancy include oral isotretinoin and topical tazarotene as there have been reports of birth defects.
Enoxaparin is a FDA pregnancy category B drug which means enoxaparin is not expected to cause harm to an unborn baby when used during pregnancy. [9] Enoxaparin does not cross the placenta therefore it is unlikely an unborn baby would be exposed to it. [9]
Mifepristone, and also known by its developmental code name RU-486, is a drug typically used in combination with misoprostol to bring about a medical abortion during pregnancy. [8] This combination is 97% effective [9] during the first 63 days (9 weeks) of pregnancy, yet effective in the second trimester as well.
In a 2010 meta-analysis, [10] nifedipine is superior to β 2 adrenergic receptor agonists and magnesium sulfate for tocolysis in women with preterm labor (20–36 weeks), but it has been assigned to pregnancy category C by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, so is not recommended before 20 weeks, or in the first trimester. [9]
The list includes medications that have a high risk for harm if administered incorrectly. [22] During pregnancy, increased uterine motility has led to decreased heart rate, cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, brain damage, and death in the fetus or neonate. [14] Use is linked to an increased risk of postpartum depression in the mother. [23]
It should not be used to prevent preterm labor or delay labor more than 48–72 hours. In February 2011, the Food and Drug Administration began requiring a black box warning on the drug's label. Pregnant women should not be given injections of the drug terbutaline for the prevention of preterm labor or for long-term (beyond 48–72 hours ...
Fosaprepitant, sold under the brand names Emend (US) and Ivemend (EU) among others, is an antiemetic medication, [6] administered intravenously. It is a prodrug of aprepitant . Fosaprepitant was developed by Merck & Co. and was approved for medical use in the United States, [ 7 ] and in the European Union in January 2008.