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Biguanide. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ?) Biguanide (/ baɪˈɡwɒnaɪd /) is the organic compound with the formula HN (C (NH)NH 2) 2. It is a colorless solid that dissolves in water to give a highly basic solution.
The commercial route involves a two step process starting with the reaction of dicyandiamide with ammonium salts. Via the intermediacy of biguanidine, this ammonolysis step affords salts of the guanidinium cation (see below). In the second step, the salt is treated with base, such as sodium methoxide. [8]
According to a mechanism proposed by Sweet in 1973 the aldol condensation of ethylacetoacetate 1 and the aryl aldehyde is the rate-limiting step leading to the carbenium ion 2. The nucleophilic addition of urea gives the intermediate 4, which quickly dehydrates to give the desired product 5. [15] The mechanism of the Biginelli reaction
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A key regulatory step is the production of 5-phospho-α-D-ribosyl 1-pyrophosphate by ribose phosphate pyrophosphokinase, which is activated by inorganic phosphate and inactivated by purine ribonucleotides. It is not the committed step to purine synthesis because PRPP is also used in pyrimidine synthesis and salvage pathways.
Polyaminopropyl biguanide (PAPB) is a polymer containing biguanide group connected with a three methylene (propyl) linker. The polymer is a propyl analogue of polyhexamethylene biguanide. The polymer display some antibacterial activity however much lower than PHMB. [1] As of May 2024, PAPB is not approved as a biocidal active substance under EU ...
In organic chemistry, the Baylis–Hillman, Morita–Baylis–Hillman, or MBH reaction is a carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction between an activated alkene and a carbon electrophile in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, such as a tertiary amine or phosphine.
Phenylbiguanide. Phenylbiguanide (PBG) is a 5-HT3 agonist used to study the role of 5-HT3 receptors in the central nervous system. [1] It has been found to trigger dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rats. [2]