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Valentinian was born in 321 at Cibalae (now Vinkovci, Croatia) in southern Pannonia [4] [5] into a family of Illyro-Roman origin. [6] Valentinian and his younger brother Valens were the sons of Gratianus (nicknamed Funarius), a military officer renowned for his wrestling skills. [4] [5] [7]
The Valentinian dynasty (364–455) was a ruling house during the Late Roman Empire (284–476), in Late antiquity (adj.late antique), [3] including the turbulent years of the late fourth century, and the last dynasty of the western empire. [4]
Valentinianism was one of the major Gnostic Christian movements. Founded by Valentinus in the 2nd century AD, its influence spread widely, not just within Rome but also from Northwest Africa to Egypt through to Asia Minor and Syria in the East. [1]
On 4 August 367, the eight-year-old Gratian was proclaimed as a third augustus by his father Valentinian, who had fallen ill, a nominal co-ruler and means to secure succession. In April 375, Valentinian I led his army in a campaign against the Quadi, a Germanic tribe which had invaded his native region of
Valentinian, who ruled in the west, seems to have only been a halfhearted Christian as he avoided attending his inaugural ceremony by twenty-four hours in order to avoid an inauspicious day (the intercalary day of the bissextile year). [14] Valentinian and Valens granted complete toleration for all cults at the beginning of their reign in 364. [15]
Valentinian appointed his brother Valens tribunus stabulorum (or stabuli) on 1 March 364. [25] It was the general opinion that Valentinian needed help to handle the administration, civil and military, of the large and unwieldy empire, and, on 28 March, at the express demand of the soldiers for a second augustus , he selected Valens as co ...
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Valentinian may refer to: Valentinian I or Valentinian the Great (321–375), Western Roman emperor from 364 to 375; Valentinian II (371–392), Western Roman Emperor from 375 to 392; Valentinian III (419–455), Western Roman Emperor from 425 to 455; Valentinus (Gnostic), theologian and founder of Valentinianism; Valentinian, a Jacobean-era ...