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An oracle machine can be conceived as a Turing machine connected to an oracle. The oracle, in this context, is an entity capable of solving some problem, which for example may be a decision problem or a function problem. The problem does not have to be computable; the oracle is not assumed to be a Turing machine or computer program.
A relational database (RDB[1]) is a database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. [2] A database management system used to maintain relational databases is a relational database management system (RDBMS). Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language ...
R vs. RE problem, where R is analog of class P, and RE is analog class NP. These classes are not equal, because undecidable but verifiable problems do exist, for example, Hilbert's tenth problem which is RE-complete. [57] A similar problem exists in the theory of algebraic complexity: VP vs. VNP problem. This problem has not been solved yet.
A class defines an implementation of an interface, and instantiating the class results in an object that exposes the implementation via the interface. [3] In the terms of type theory, a class is an implementation—a concrete data structure and collection of subroutines—while a type is an interface. Different (concrete) classes ...
Hasse diagram of complexity classes including P, NP, co-NP, BPP, P/poly, PH, and PSPACE. The polynomial hierarchy is an analogue (at much lower complexity) of the exponential hierarchy and arithmetical hierarchy. It is known that PH is contained within PSPACE, but it is not known whether the two classes are equal.
Name mangling. In compiler construction, name mangling (also called name decoration) is a technique used to solve various problems caused by the need to resolve unique names for programming entities in many modern programming languages. It provides means to encode added information in the name of a function, structure, class or another data ...
Exception handling (programming) In computer programming, several language mechanisms exist for exception handling. The term exception is typically used to denote a data structure storing information about an exceptional condition. One mechanism to transfer control, or raise an exception, is known as a throw; the exception is said to be thrown.
A consistency oracle compares the results of one test execution to another for similarity. [16] This is another example of a derived test oracle. An oracle for a software program might be a second program that uses a different algorithm to evaluate the same mathematical expression as the product under test. This is an example of a pseudo-oracle ...