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Thymine could also be a target for actions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in cancer treatment. 5-FU can be a metabolic analog of thymine (in DNA synthesis) or uracil (in RNA synthesis). Substitution of this analog inhibits DNA synthesis in actively dividing cells. Thymine bases are frequently oxidized to hydantoins over time after the death of an ...
Uracil (/ ˈ j ʊər ə s ɪ l /) (symbol U or Ura) is one of the four nucleotide bases in the nucleic acid RNA. The others are adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In RNA, uracil binds to adenine via two hydrogen bonds. In DNA, the uracil nucleobase is replaced by thymine (T). Uracil is a demethylated form of thymine.
Thymidine (symbol dT or dThd), also known as deoxythymidine, deoxyribosylthymine, or thymine deoxyriboside, is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside. Deoxythymidine is the DNA nucleoside T, which pairs with deoxyadenosine (A) in double-stranded DNA.
Similarly, the simple-ring structure of cytosine, uracil, and thymine is derived of pyrimidine, so those three bases are called the pyrimidine bases. [ 6 ] Each of the base pairs in a typical double- helix DNA comprises a purine and a pyrimidine: either an A paired with a T or a C paired with a G.
The chemical compound 5-methyluridine (symbol m 5 U or m5U), also called ribothymidine (rT) [footnote 1], is a pyrimidine nucleoside. It is the ribonucleoside counterpart to the deoxyribonucleoside thymidine, which lacks a hydroxyl group at the 2' position. 5-Methyluridine contains a thymine base joined to a ribose pentose sugar. [4] It is a ...
Spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine results in thymine and ammonia. This is the most common single nucleotide mutation. In DNA, this reaction, if detected prior to passage of the replication fork, can be corrected by the enzyme thymine-DNA glycosylase, which removes the thymine base in a G/T mismatch. This leaves an abasic site that is ...
Very short patch (VSP) repair is a DNA repair system that removes GT mismatches created by the deamination of 5-methylcytosine to thymine.This system exists because the glycosylases which normally target deaminated bases cannot target thymine (it being one of the regular four bases in DNA).
5,6-Dihydro-5(α-thyminyl)thymine is a DNA pyrimidine dimer photoproduct produced when DNA in bacterial spores is exposed to ultraviolet light. [1] In bacteria, this DNA base dimer deforms the structure of DNA, so endospore forming bacteria have an enzyme called spore photoproduct lyase that repairs this damage.