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  2. Respiratory pressure meter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_pressure_meter

    Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), also known as negative inspiratory force (NIF), is the maximum pressure that can be generated against an occluded (closed or obstructed) airway beginning at functional residual capacity (the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration).

  3. National Ignition Facility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility

    NIF is the largest and most powerful ICF device built to date. [4] The basic ICF concept is to squeeze a small amount of fuel to reach the pressure and temperature necessary for fusion. NIF hosts the world's most energetic laser, which indirectly heats the outer layer of a small sphere. The energy is so intense that it causes the sphere to ...

  4. Spirometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirometry

    When estimating static lung compliance, volume measurements by the spirometer needs to be complemented by pressure transducers in order to simultaneously measure the transpulmonary pressure. When having drawn a curve with the relations between changes in volume to changes in transpulmonary pressure, C st is the slope of the curve during any ...

  5. Shewhart individuals control chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shewhart_individuals...

    For processes that produce homogeneous batches (e.g., chemical) where repeat measurements vary primarily because of measurement error; The "chart" actually consists of a pair of charts: one, the individuals chart, displays the individual measured values; the other, the moving range chart, displays the difference from one point to the next.

  6. 1951 USAF resolution test chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../1951_USAF_resolution_test_chart

    A 1951 USAF resolution test chart is a microscopic optical resolution test device originally defined by the U.S. Air Force MIL-STD-150A standard of 1951. The design provides numerous small target shapes exhibiting a stepped assortment of precise spatial frequency specimens.

  7. Vital capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vital_capacity

    In combination with other physiological measurements, the vital capacity can help make a diagnosis of underlying lung disease. Furthermore, the vital capacity is used to determine the severity of respiratory muscle involvement in neuromuscular disease, and can guide treatment decisions in Guillain–Barré syndrome and myasthenic crisis.

  8. Ringelmann scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringelmann_scale

    Ringelmann smoke charts, 1897. The Ringelmann scale is a scale for measuring the apparent density or opacity of smoke. [1] [2] It was developed by a French professor of agricultural engineering Maximilien Ringelmann of La Station d'Essais de Machines in Paris, who first specified the scale in 1888.

  9. Fusion energy gain factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_energy_gain_factor

    The explosion of the Ivy Mike hydrogen bomb. The hydrogen bomb was the first device able to achieve fusion energy gain factor significantly larger than 1.. A fusion energy gain factor, usually expressed with the symbol Q, is the ratio of fusion power produced in a nuclear fusion reactor to the power required to maintain the plasma in steady state.