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This formula is a simplified version of that in section 2.2 of Stansberry et al., 2007, [39] where emissivity and beaming parameter were assumed to equal unity, and was replaced with 4, accounting for the difference between circle and sphere. All parameters mentioned above were taken from the same paper.
In the equation given at the beginning, the cosine function on the left side gives results in the range [-1, 1], but the value of the expression on the right side is in the range [,].
Copper(II) acetate, also referred to as cupric acetate, is the chemical compound with the formula Cu(OAc) 2 where AcO − is acetate (CH 3 CO − 2).The hydrated derivative, Cu 2 (OAc) 4 (H 2 O) 2, which contains one molecule of water for each copper atom, is available commercially.
This formula can also be used to calculate μ s from empirical measurements of the friction angle. Friction at the atomic level Determining the forces required to move atoms past each other is a challenge in designing nanomachines .
In telecommunications and transmission line theory, the reflection coefficient is the ratio of the complex amplitude of the reflected wave to that of the incident wave. The voltage and current at any point along a transmission line can always be resolved into forward and reflected traveling waves given a specified reference impedance Z 0.
The formula for the shape of a NACA 00xx foil, with "xx" being replaced by the percentage of thickness to chord, is [4] y t = 5 t [ 0.2969 x − 0.1260 x − 0.3516 x 2 + 0.2843 x 3 − 0.1015 x 4 ] , {\displaystyle y_{t}=5t\left[0.2969{\sqrt {x}}-0.1260x-0.3516x^{2}+0.2843x^{3}-0.1015x^{4}\right],} [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's rate-dependent resistance to a change in shape or to movement of its neighboring portions relative to one another. [1] For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of thickness; for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. [2]
Best rational approximants for π (green circle), e (blue diamond), ϕ (pink oblong), (√3)/2 (grey hexagon), 1/√2 (red octagon) and 1/√3 (orange triangle) calculated from their continued fraction expansions, plotted as slopes y/x with errors from their true values (black dashes)