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"subtract if possible, otherwise add": a(0) = 0; for n > 0, a(n) = a(n − 1) − n if that number is positive and not already in the sequence, otherwise a(n) = a(n − 1) + n, whether or not that number is already in the sequence.
In particular, for a prime number p we have the explicit formula r 4 (p) = 8(p + 1). [2] Some values of r 4 (n) occur infinitely often as r 4 (n) = r 4 (2 m n) whenever n is even. The values of r 4 (n) can be arbitrarily large: indeed, r 4 (n) is infinitely often larger than . [2]
These combinations (subsets) are enumerated by the 1 digits of the set of base 2 numbers counting from 0 to 2 n − 1, where each digit position is an item from the set of n. Given 3 cards numbered 1 to 3, there are 8 distinct combinations ( subsets ), including the empty set :
Note that the ancient Sanskrit sages discovered many years before Fibonacci that the number of compositions of any natural number n as the sum of 1's and 2's is the nth Fibonacci number! Note that these are not general compositions as defined above because the numbers are restricted to 1's and 2's only. 1=1 (1) 2=1+1=2 (2) 3=1+1+1=1+2=2+1 (3) 4 ...
For example, if you had two types of coins valued at 6 cents and 14 cents, the GCD would equal 2, and there would be no way to combine any number of such coins to produce a sum which was an odd number; additionally, even numbers 2, 4, 8, 10, 16 and 22 (less than m=24) could not be formed, either.
It is sufficient to prove the theorem for every odd prime number p. This immediately follows from Euler's four-square identity (and from the fact that the theorem is true for the numbers 1 and 2). The residues of a 2 modulo p are distinct for every a between 0 and (p − 1)/2 (inclusive). To see this, take some a and define c as a 2 mod p.
The NFC North dominates the rest of the conference’s playoff positions with the 11-2 Minnesota Vikings and 9-4 Green Bay Packers filing the No. 5 and No. 6 spots respectively.
a 1 = 20615674205555510, a 2 = 3794765361567513 (sequence A083216 in the OEIS). In this sequence, the positions at which the numbers in the sequence are divisible by a prime p form an arithmetic progression; for instance, the even numbers in the sequence are the numbers a i where i is congruent to 1 mod 3. The progressions divisible by ...