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Crop diversity or crop biodiversity is the variety and variability of crops, plants used in agriculture, including their genetic and phenotypic characteristics. It is a subset of a specific element of agricultural biodiversity .
Genetic diversity is the basis of crop and livestock improvement programmes, which breed new varieties of crops and livestock in response to consumer demand and farmers' needs. An important source of genetic diversity are crop wild relatives , wild plant species that are genetically related to cultivated crops.
Crop diversity is the biological foundation of agriculture, and is the raw material plant breeders and farmers use to adapt crop varieties to pests and diseases.In the future, this crop diversity will play a central role in helping agriculture adjust to climate change and adapt to water and energy constraints.
Monoculture is the practice of producing a single crop on a given piece of land, including crop rotation. [12] While monoculture produces optimum yields, it has implications for the biodiversity of farms. [9] Heterogeneity, the diversity of the landscape, has been shown to be associated with species diversity. For example, butterfly abundance ...
A Vavilov Center (of Diversity) is a region of the world first indicated by Nikolai Vavilov to be an original center for the domestication of plants. [3] For crop plants, Nikolai Vavilov identified differing numbers of centers: three in 1924, five in 1926, six in 1929, seven in 1931, eight in 1935 and reduced to seven again in 1940. [4] [5]
In 2002, the Global Crop Diversity Trust was established by Bioversity International on behalf of the CGIAR and the FAO through a Crop Diversity Endowment Fund. The goal of the Trust is to provide a secure and sustainable source of funding for the world's most important ex situ crop collections.
Watch firsthand, in 360 video, as Susan Sarandon listens and learns about refugees' hopes, dreams and journeys
A crop wild relative (CWR) is a wild plant closely related to a domesticated plant. It may be a wild ancestor of the domesticated (cultivated) plant or another closely related taxon . Overview