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Limb: Limb infarction is an infarction of an arm or leg. Causes include arterial embolisms and skeletal muscle infarction as a rare complication of long standing, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. [12] A major presentation is painful thigh or leg swelling. [12] Bone: Infarction of bone results in avascular necrosis.
The term "necrosis" came about in the mid-19th century and is commonly attributed to German pathologist Rudolf Virchow, who is often regarded as one of the founders of modern pathology. [2] Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components.
Different diseases are associated with coagulative necrosis, including acute tubular necrosis and acute myocardial infarction. [2] Coagulative necrosis can also be induced by high local temperature; it is a desired effect of treatments such as high intensity focused ultrasound applied to cancerous cells. [3]
A hemorrhagic infarct is determined when hemorrhage is present around an area of infarction. Simply stated, an infarction is an area of dead tissue or necrosis. [1] When blood escapes outside of the vessel (extravasation) and re-perfuses back into the tissue surrounding the infarction, the infarction is then termed a hemorrhagic infarct (infarction). [1]
A limb infarction is an area of tissue death of an arm or leg. It may cause skeletal muscle infarction , avascular necrosis of bones, or necrosis of a part of or an entire limb. Signs and symptoms
Ischemic coagulative necrosis results and fibrosis of the affected area develops from the reparative response beginning at the preserved margins and working its way inwards. One exception to coagulative necrosis is the brain, which undergoes liquefactive necrosis in response to infarction. [citation needed]
Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis or bone infarction, is death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply. [1] Early on, there may be no symptoms. [1] Gradually joint pain may develop, which may limit the person's ability to move. [1] Complications may include collapse of the bone or nearby joint surface. [1]
Cerebral infarction, also known as an ischemic stroke, is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct). [1] In mid to high income countries, a stroke is the main reason for disability among people and the 2nd cause of death. [ 2 ]