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Treatment of necrosis typically involves two distinct processes: Usually, the underlying cause of the necrosis must be treated before the dead tissue itself can be dealt with. [ citation needed ] Debridement , referring to the removal of dead tissue by surgical or non-surgical means, is the standard therapy for necrosis.
Fat necrosis in the breast occurs around 0.6%, this represents 2.75% of lesions that end up being benign. However, 0.8% of fat necrosis occurs from tumors of the breast, 1–9% occurs in breast reduction surgery. Individuals that are high risk include women around the age of 50yrs along with pendulous breasts. [8]
Avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis or bone infarction, is death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply. [1] Early on, there may be no symptoms. [ 1 ] Gradually joint pain may develop, which may limit the person's ability to move. [ 1 ]
Freiberg disease, also known as a Freiberg infraction, is a form of avascular necrosis in the metatarsal bone of the foot. It generally develops in the second metatarsal, but can occur in any metatarsal. Physical stress causes multiple tiny fractures where the middle of the metatarsal meets the growth plate.
Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee is the result of vascular arterial insufficiency to the medial femoral condyle of the knee resulting in necrosis and destruction of bone. It is often unilateral and can be associated with a meniscal tear .
Acne necrotica presents with a primary lesion that is a pruritic or painful erythematous follicular-based papule that develops central necrosis and crusting and heals with a varioliform scar. [1]: 650 [2]: 761
Tumors, medications, allergic reactions, and infectious organisms are some of the recognized triggers for these conditions, even though the precise cause of many of them is unknown. Immune complex disease, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies , anti-endothelial cell antibodies, and cell-mediated immunity are examples of pathogenetic factors.
Liquefactive necrosis (or colliquative necrosis) is a type of necrosis which results in a transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass. [1] Often it is associated with focal bacterial or fungal infections, and can also manifest as one of the symptoms of an internal chemical burn . [ 2 ]