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Paenungulata (from Latin paene "almost" + ungulātus "having hoofs") is a clade of "sub-ungulates", which groups three extant mammal orders: Proboscidea (including elephants), Sirenia (sea cows, including dugongs and manatees), and Hyracoidea ().
The earliest members of the modern genera of Elephantidae appeared during the latest Miocene–early Pliocene around 5 million years ago. The elephantid genera Elephas (which includes the living Asian elephant) and Mammuthus (mammoths) migrated out of Africa during the late Pliocene, around 3.6 to 3.2 million years ago. [17]
{{Ahnentafel-chart |1=subject |2=father |3=mother |4=grandfather... 31=great-great-grandmother}} N.B. Although this template will create a table up to great-great-grandparents (ahnentafel 31) it will be wider than easily represented on most screens and/or printers so consider using {{ Ahnentafel }} or {{ Ahnentafel-tree }} instead.
The word elephant is derived from the Latin word elephas (genitive elephantis) ' elephant ', which is the Latinised form of the ancient Greek ἐλέφας (elephas) (genitive ἐλέφαντος (elephantos, [1])) probably from a non-Indo-European language, likely Phoenician. [2]
Primelephas is a genus of Elephantinae [1] that existed during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs. The name of the genus suggests 'first elephant'. These primitive elephantids are thought to be the common ancestor of Mammuthus, the mammoths, and the closely allied genera Elephas and Loxodonta, the Asian and African elephants, diverging some 4-6 million years ago. [2]
Elephantiformes is a suborder within the order Proboscidea. [1] Members of this group are primitively characterised by the possession of upper tusks, an elongated mandibular symphysis (the frontmost part of the lower jaw) and lower tusks, and the retraction of the facial region of the skull indicative of the development of a trunk. [2]
They are thought to have chewed differently from modern elephants, using an oblique movement (combining back to front and side to side motion) over the teeth rather than the proal movement (a forwards stroke from the back to the front of the lower jaws) used by modern elephants and stegodontids, [2] with this oblique movement being combined ...
The oldest species widely attributed to the genus, Elephas ekorensis is known from the early-mid Pliocene (5–4.2 million years ago) of East Africa, [6] though the attribution of this species to Elephas has been questioned, due to a lack of shared morphological features with later Elephas species. [7]
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