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  2. Fractional crystallization (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_crystallization...

    In essence, fractional crystallization is the removal of early formed crystals from an originally homogeneous magma (for example, by gravity settling) so that these crystals are prevented from further reaction with the residual melt. [3] The composition of the remaining melt becomes relatively depleted in some components and enriched in others ...

  3. Igneous differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_differentiation

    In geology, igneous differentiation, or magmatic differentiation, is an umbrella term for the various processes by which magmas undergo bulk chemical change during the partial melting process, cooling, emplacement, or eruption. The sequence of (usually increasingly silicic) magmas produced by igneous differentiation is known as a magma series.

  4. Magma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma

    Bowen's reaction series is important for understanding the idealised sequence of fractional crystallisation of a magma. [89] Magma composition can be determined by processes other than partial melting and fractional crystallization. For instance, magmas commonly interact with rocks they intrude, both by melting those rocks and by reacting with ...

  5. Planetary differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_differentiation

    Magma in the Earth is produced by partial melting of a source rock, ultimately in the mantle. The melt extracts a large portion of the "incompatible elements" from its source that are not stable in the major minerals. When magma rises above a certain depth the dissolved minerals start to crystallize at particular pressures and temperatures.

  6. Igneous rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock

    Igneous rock (igneous from Latin igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in either a planet 's mantle or crust.

  7. Rhyolite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyolite

    Rhyolite (/ ˈraɪ.əlaɪt / RY-ə-lyte) [1][2][3][4] is the most silica -rich of volcanic rocks. It is generally glassy or fine-grained (aphanitic) in texture, but may be porphyritic, containing larger mineral crystals (phenocrysts) in an otherwise fine-grained groundmass. The mineral assemblage is predominantly quartz, sanidine, and plagioclase.

  8. Restite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restite

    Restite is the residual material left at the site of melting during the in place production of magma . Generally, restite is composed of a predominance of mafic minerals because these are harder to melt (see Bowen's reaction series ). Typical minerals are amphibole, biotite, pyroxene, ilmenite or other iron oxides and some plagioclase feldspar.

  9. Magmatism along strike-slip faults - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmatism_along_strike...

    Magmatism along strike-slip faults is the process of rock melting, magma ascent and emplacement, associated with the tectonics and geometry of various strike-slip settings, most commonly occurring along transform boundaries at mid-ocean ridge spreading centres [1] and at strike-slip systems parallel to oblique subduction zones. [2]