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Phosphonates are one of the three sources of phosphate intake in biological cells. [ citation needed ] The other two are inorganic phosphate and organophosphates. The naturally occurring phosphonate 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid was first identified in 1959 in plants and many animals, where it is localized in membranes.
Phosphates have low toxicity in the environment but cause nutrient pollution, a major water quality problem in many watersheds. [17] Phosphates in water cause eutrophication of algae which creates conditions favorable to formation of harmful algal blooms. These blooms prevent light and oxygen from getting into the water, leading to the death of ...
Many phosphates are soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure. The sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and ammonium phosphates are all water-soluble. Most other phosphates are only slightly soluble or are insoluble in water. As a rule, the hydrogen and dihydrogen phosphates are slightly more soluble than the corresponding phosphates.
Oxidation of phosphonites gives phosphonates: 2 P(OR) 2 R + O 2 → 2 OP(OR) 2 R. Phosphonites can function as ligands in homogeneous catalysis. [3] References
These phosphoric acids series are generally water-soluble considering the polarity of the molecules. Ammonium and alkali phosphates are also quite soluble in water. The alkaline earth salts start becoming less soluble and phosphate salts of various other metals are even less soluble.
EDTMP is normally delivered as its sodium salt, which exhibits good solubility in water. Used in Water treatment as an antiscaling and anti corrosion agent, the corrosion inhibition of EDTMP is 3–5 times better than that of inorganic polyphosphate. It can degrade to Aminomethylphosphonic acid. [2]
Phosphonates are more difficult to hydrolyse than phosphates. [3] ... ATMP is used in water treatment as antiscalant [7]
Note that the IUPAC recommendations are hydrogen phosphonate and phosphonate respectively). The hydrogen atom bonded directly to the phosphorus atom is not readily ionizable. Chemistry examinations often test students' appreciation of the fact that not all three hydrogen atoms are acidic under aqueous conditions, in contrast with H 3 PO 4.