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3, is in between soft and hard magnetic material and is usually classified as a semi-hard material. [23] It is mainly used for its magnetostrictive applications like sensors and actuators [24] thanks to its high saturation magnetostriction (~200 ppm). Co Fe 2 O 4 has also the benefits to be rare-earth free, which makes it a good substitute for ...
Most non-magnetic materials have a relatively small χ (on the order of a millionth), but soft magnets can have χ on the order of hundreds or thousands. For materials satisfying M = χ H , we can also write B = μ 0 (1 + χ ) H = μ 0 μ r H = μ H , where μ r = 1 + χ is the (dimensionless) relative permeability and μ =μ 0 μ r is the ...
To demagnetize a saturated magnet, a magnetic field must be applied. The threshold at which demagnetization occurs depends on the coercivity of the material. Magnetically hard materials have high coercivity, whereas magnetically soft materials have low coercivity.
"Soft" magnetic materials with low coercivity and hysteresis, such as silicon steel, or ferrite, are usually used in cores. Magnetic field (green) created by a current-carrying winding (red) in a typical magnetic core transformer or inductor, with the iron core C forming a closed loop, possibly with air gaps G in it. The drawing shows a section ...
The coercivity is a measure of the degree of magnetic hysteresis and therefore characterizes the lossiness of soft magnetic materials for their common applications. The saturation remanence and coercivity are figures of merit for hard magnets, although maximum energy product is also commonly quoted.
Anisotropic alnico magnets are oriented by heating above a critical temperature and cooling in the presence of a magnetic field. Both isotropic and anisotropic alnico require proper heat treatment to develop optimal magnetic properties. Without it, alnico's coercivity is about 10 Oe, comparable to technical iron, a soft magnetic material.
An electropermanent magnet or EPM is a type of permanent magnet in which the external magnetic field can be switched on or off by a pulse of electric current in a wire winding around part of the magnet. The magnet consists of two sections, one of "hard" (high coercivity) magnetic material and one of "soft" (low coercivity) material. The ...
The free layer is magnetically soft and the fixed layer is magnetically hard. When the magnetic layers are antiparallel the electrical resistance is higher than when they are aligned. A spin valve is a device, consisting of two or more conducting magnetic materials, whose electrical resistance can change between two values depending on the ...
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