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The New Grove musical dictionary summarizes the earliest historical traces of the harpsichord: "The earliest known reference to a harpsichord dates from 1397, when a jurist in Padua wrote that a certain Hermann Poll claimed to have invented an instrument called the 'clavicembalum'; [1] and the earliest known representation of a harpsichord is a sculpture (see below) in an altarpiece of 1425 ...
A more detailed timeline of Flemish harpsichord makers, including notable Flemish émigrés to other regions. Makers whose dates of birth or death are unknown are marked with an asterisk (*). In such cases, the time period indicated by the graphic is demarcated by the earliest or latest reference found to the maker.
Hans Ruckers was a Catholic and had 11 children, two of whom became harpsichord makers, and his daughter Catharina (to whom harpsichord maker Willem Gompaerts (c.1534 – after 1600) was godfather) married into the instrument-making Couchet family, ensuring a strong continuation of both dynasties; his son Joannes continued in the family craft.
The Goermans (or Germain) family were French harpsichord makers of Flemish origin.. Jean Germain I (or Joannes Goermans, as he signed his instruments) (1703 – 18 February 1777) was born in Geldern, Western Germany, and is known to have been working as a harpsichord maker in Paris by 1730, where he remained for the rest of his life.
The Dulcken family were Flemish harpsichord makers of German origin. Joannes Daniel Dulcken (21 April 1706 – 11 April 1757) was born in Wingeshausen, the son of Georg Ludwig Dulcken (died Wingeshausen, before 1752).
Like the harpsichord, the virginals has its origins in the psaltery, to which a keyboard was applied, probably in the 15th century. The first mention of the word is in Paulus Paulirinus of Prague's (1413–1471) Tractatus de musica , of around 1460, where he writes: "The virginal is an instrument in the shape of a clavichord, having metal ...
Ioes Karest (before 1500 – c.1560), also known as Joos Karest, was a Flemish harpsichord builder.. Karest was born in Cologne sometime before 1500. [1] By 1517 he was living and working in Antwerp, [1] and was admitted to the Guild of St. Luke by 1523. [2]
The use of multiple manuals in a harpsichord was not originally provided for the flexibility in choosing which strings would sound, but rather for transposition of the instrument to play in different keys (see History of the harpsichord). Some early harpsichords and organs had a short octave in the lowest register. It replaced rarely used bass ...