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An estimand is a quantity that is to be estimated in a statistical analysis. [1] The term is used to distinguish the target of inference from the method used to obtain an approximation of this target (i.e., the estimator ) and the specific value obtained from a given method and dataset (i.e., the estimate ). [ 2 ]
The average treatment effect (ATE) is a measure used to compare treatments (or interventions) in randomized experiments, evaluation of policy interventions, and medical trials. The ATE measures the difference in mean (average) outcomes between units assigned to the treatment and units assigned to the control.
Intention to treat analyses are done to avoid the effects of crossover and dropout, which may break the random assignment to the treatment groups in a study. ITT analysis provides information about the potential effects of treatment policy rather than on the potential effects of specific treatment. [citation needed]
In the presence of non-compliance, the ATE can no longer be recovered. Instead, what is recovered is the average treatment effect for a certain subpopulation known as the compliers, which is the LATE. When there may exist heterogeneous treatment effects across groups, the LATE is unlikely to be equivalent to the ATE.
Hoshin Kanri (Japanese: 方針管理, "policy management") [1] is a 7-step process used in strategic planning in which strategic goals are communicated throughout the company and then put into action. [2] [3] The Hoshin Kanri strategic planning system originated from post-war Japan, but has since spread to the U.S. and around the world.
Difference in differences (DID [1] or DD [2]) is a statistical technique used in econometrics and quantitative research in the social sciences that attempts to mimic an experimental research design using observational study data, by studying the differential effect of a treatment on a 'treatment group' versus a 'control group' in a natural experiment. [3]
Estimation statistics, or simply estimation, is a data analysis framework that uses a combination of effect sizes, confidence intervals, precision planning, and meta-analysis to plan experiments, analyze data and interpret results. [1]
In medical research, a dynamic treatment regime (DTR), adaptive intervention, or adaptive treatment strategy is a set of rules for choosing effective treatments for individual patients. [1] Historically, medical research and the practice of medicine tended to rely on an acute care model for the treatment of all medical problems, including ...