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Levitation based inertial sensing is a new and rapidly growing technique for measuring linear acceleration, rotation and orientation of a body. Based on this technique, inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes, enables ultra-sensitive inertial sensing.
An inertial measurement unit works by detecting linear acceleration using one or more accelerometers and rotational rate using one or more gyroscopes. [3] Some also include a magnetometer which is commonly used as a heading reference. Some IMUs, like Adafruit's 9-DOF IMU, include additional sensors like temperature. [4]
An accelerometer measures proper acceleration, which is the acceleration it experiences relative to freefall and is the acceleration felt by people and objects. [2] Put another way, at any point in spacetime the equivalence principle guarantees the existence of a local inertial frame, and an accelerometer measures the acceleration relative to that frame. [4]
Gait analysis is the systematic study of animal locomotion, more specifically the study of human motion, using the eye and the brain of observers, augmented by instrumentation for measuring body movements, body mechanics, and the activity of the muscles. [1]
For a soleus receptor, Houk and Simon obtain average values of K=57 pulses/sec/kg, A=0.31, a=0.22 sec −1, B=0.4, b=2.17 sec −1, C=2.5, c=36 sec −1. When modeling a cat stretch reflex, Lin and Crago [ 45 ] improved upon this model by adding a logarithmic nonlinearity before the Houk and Simon model and a threshold nonlinearity after.
Under acceleration, the proof mass displacement relative to the concave mirror changes the intensity of reflected light. The change in intensity is measured by a single-frequency laser that matches the cavity's resonant frequency .The device can sense displacements under 1 femtometre (10 −15 m) and detect accelerations as low as 3.2 × 10-8 g ...
The free body diagrams of the two hanging masses of the Atwood machine. Our sign convention, depicted by the acceleration vectors is that m 1 accelerates downward and that m 2 accelerates upward, as would be the case if m 1 > m 2. An equation for the acceleration can be derived by analyzing forces.
This means that the HIC includes the effects of head acceleration and the duration of the acceleration. Large accelerations may be tolerated for very short times. At a HIC of 1000, there is an 18% probability of a severe head injury, a 55% probability of a serious injury and a 90% probability of a moderate head injury to the average adult.