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The above -sphere exists in (+) -dimensional Euclidean space and is an example of an -manifold. The volume form ω {\displaystyle \omega } of an n {\displaystyle n} -sphere of radius r {\displaystyle r} is given by
The Killing–Hopf theorem of Riemannian geometry states that the universal cover of an n-dimensional space form with curvature = is isometric to , hyperbolic space, with curvature = is isometric to , Euclidean n-space, and with curvature = + is isometric to , the n-dimensional sphere of points distance 1 from the origin in +.
The sphere is an example of a surface. The unit sphere of implicit equation. x 2 + y 2 + z 2 – 1 = 0. may be covered by an atlas of six charts: the plane z = 0 divides the sphere into two half spheres (z > 0 and z < 0), which may both be mapped on the disc x 2 + y 2 < 1 by the projection on the xy plane of coordinates. This provides two ...
It can be realized non-degenerately in some non-Euclidean spaces, such as on the surface of a sphere or torus. For example, digon can be realised non-degenerately as a spherical lune . A monogon {1} could also be realised on the sphere as a single point with a great circle through it. [ 7 ]
Euclidean space is the fundamental space of geometry, intended to represent physical space. Originally, in Euclid's Elements, it was the three-dimensional space of Euclidean geometry, but in modern mathematics there are Euclidean spaces of any positive integer dimension n, which are called Euclidean n-spaces when one wants to specify their ...
For example, the isometry group of the n-sphere is the orthogonal group O(n + 1). Given any finite subgroup G thereof in which only the identity matrix possesses 1 as an eigenvalue , the natural group action of the orthogonal group on the n -sphere restricts to a group action of G , with the quotient manifold S n / G inheriting a geodesically ...
The n-dimensional model is the celestial sphere of the (n + 2)-dimensional Lorentzian space R n+1,1. Here the model is a Klein geometry: a homogeneous space G/H where G = SO(n + 1, 1) acting on the (n + 2)-dimensional Lorentzian space R n+1,1 and H is the isotropy group of a fixed null ray in the light cone.
Dual semi-regular Article Face configuration Schläfli symbol Image Apeirogonal deltohedron: V3 3.∞ : dsr{2,∞} Apeirogonal bipyramid: V4 2.∞ : dt{2,∞} Cairo pentagonal tiling