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The first EEPROM that used Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling to erase data was invented by Bernward and patented by Siemens in 1974. [24] In February 1977, Israeli-American Eliyahou Harari at Hughes Aircraft Company patented in the US a modern EEPROM technology, based on Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling through a thin silicon dioxide layer between the floating-gate and the wafer.
A computer's firmware may be manually updated by a user via a small utility program. In contrast, firmware in mass storage devices (hard-disk drives, optical disc drives, flash memory storage e.g. solid state drive) is less frequently updated, even when flash memory (rather than ROM, EEPROM) storage is used for the firmware.
Computer memory that can retrieve stored data after a power supply has been turned off and back on is called non-volatile. It is an array of floating-gate transistors individually programmed by an electronic device that supplies higher voltages than those normally used in digital circuits.
2GL—second-generation programming language; 2NF—second normal form; 3GL—third-generation programming language; 3GPP—3rd Generation Partnership Project – 3G comms; 3GPP2—3rd Generation Partnership Project 2; 3NF—third normal form; 386—Intel 80386 processor; 486—Intel 80486 processor; 4B5BLF—4-bit 5-bit local fiber
In 1993, the introduction of EEPROM memory allowed microcontrollers (beginning with the Microchip PIC16C84) [8] to be electrically erased quickly without an expensive package as required for EPROM, allowing both rapid prototyping, and in-system programming. (EEPROM technology had been available prior to this time, [9] but the earlier EEPROM was ...
Programming is often done before the device is installed in its target system, typically an embedded system. The programming is permanent, and further changes require the replacement of the device. Data is stored by physically altering (burning) storage sites in the device. An EPROM is an erasable ROM that can be changed more than once. However ...
Most SPLDs use either fuses or non-volatile memory cells (EPROM, EEPROM, Flash, and others) to define the functionality. These devices are also known as: Programmable array logic (PAL) Generic array logic (GAL) Programmable logic arrays (PLA) Field-programmable logic arrays (FPLA) Programmable logic devices (PLD)
CPLDs were an evolutionary step from even smaller devices that preceded them: PLAs (first shipped by Signetics) and PALs.These in turn were preceded by standard logic products, which offered no programmability and were used to build logic functions by physically wiring several standard logic chips (or hundreds of them) together (usually with wiring on a printed circuit board or boards, but ...