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The laser works by the same principle as the maser, but produces higher-frequency coherent radiation at visible wavelengths. The maser was the precursor to the laser, inspiring theoretical work by Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow that led to the invention of the laser in 1960 by Theodore Maiman. When the coherent optical oscillator was first ...
The depth of penetration depends on the frequency of the microwaves and the tissue type. The Active Denial System ("pain ray") is a less-lethal directed energy weapon that employs a microwave beam at 95 GHz; a two-second burst of the 95 GHz focused beam heats the skin to a temperature of 130 °F (54 °C) at a depth of 1/64th of an inch (0.4 mm) and is claimed to cause skin pain without lasting ...
A person can make a working speaker out of a paper plate, tin foil, a penny, and a minijack, for under a dollar. Busted Tory built the homemade speakers according to the Household Hacker's specifications and created his own surround sound setup, but when he turned on the music, the speakers did not work. When Kari suggested that there might not ...
Chemical reaction in a burning jet of ethylene and nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3) Used in research for laser weaponry, operated in continuous-wave mode, can have power in the megawatt range. Deuterium fluoride laser ~3800 nm (3.6 to 4.2 μm) (~90% atm. transmittance) chemical reaction US military laser prototypes. COIL (chemical oxygen–iodine laser)
The current cost of suitable lasers is <100 $/Watt and the cost of suitable microwave sources is <$5/Watt. Mass production has lowered the production cost of microwave oven magnetrons to <0.01 $/Watt and some medical lasers to <10 $/Watt, though these are considered unsuitable for beam directors.
Maiman had begun conceptualizing a solid-state laser design even before he undertook the maser project at Hughes. [5]: 45 [14]: 59 Moving the microwave frequency of masers up the electromagnetic spectrum 50,000-fold to the frequency of light would require finding a feasible lasing medium and excitation source and designing the system.
Ahead, the best lasers—including Fraxel, IPL, and RF microneedling—for reducing acne scars and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation according to dermatologists.
The result was the egg exploding in the face of one of his co-workers, who was looking in the kettle to observe. Spencer then created the first true microwave oven by attaching a high-density electromagnetic field generator to an enclosed metal box. The magnetron emitted microwaves into the metal box blocking any escape and allowing for ...