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However, van Inwagen notes that even if readers disagree with him and do believe that there is a minimum amount necessary, his response can be easily reformulated to accommodate for them: theists can simply say that God did choose the minimum amount, and thus that there is no gratuitous evil, as every evil has a purpose in God's plan for the world.
The opposition arose because Augustine’s view rejected the traditional view of election based upon God's foreknowledge, replacing it with a predestination as "necessity based upon fate". [89] Similarly, the Council of Arles (475) condemned the idea that "some have been condemned to death, others have been predestined to life". [ 90 ]
The posthumous supplement to Aquinas' Summa theologiciae suppl. Q97 A4 flags discussion of the location of hell as speculation: As Augustine says (De Civ. Dei xv, 16), "I am of opinion that no one knows in what part of the world hell is situated, unless the Spirit of God has revealed this to some one."
Augustine of Hippo (/ ɔː ˈ ɡ ʌ s t ɪ n / aw-GUST-in, US also / ˈ ɔː ɡ ə s t iː n / AW-gə-steen; [22] Latin: Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), [23] also known as Saint Augustine and in the Eastern Orthodox Church as Blessed Augustine, [24] [25] was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North ...
Augustine says that a feature of the Scriptures is obscurity and that obscurity is the result of sin: that is, God made the Scriptures obscure in order to motivate and challenge our fallen minds. Augustine claims there are seven steps to wisdom in interpretation of the Scriptures: fear of God, holiness and faith, scientia (or knowledge ...
Augustine: This is not so said as though God did not now reign on earth, or had not reigned over it always. Come, must therefore be taken for be manifested to men. For none shall then be ignorant of His kingdom, when His Only-begotten not in understanding only, but in visible shape shall come to judge the quick and dead.
The book presents human history as a conflict between what Augustine calls the Earthly City (often colloquially referred to as the City of Man, and mentioned once on page 644, chapter 1 of book 15) and the City of God, a conflict that is destined to end in victory for the latter. The City of God is marked by people who forgo earthly pleasure to ...
Readers shall believe all the Scripture is inspired by God and that each author wrote nothing in which he did not believe personally, or that he believed to be false. Readers must distinguish philologically, and keep separate, their own interpretations, the written message and the originally intended meaning of the messenger and author (in ...