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Arnold J. Toynbee. G. W. Trompf notes that most western concepts of historic recurrence imply that "the past teaches lessons for ... future action"—that "the same ... sorts of events which have happened before ... will recur". [7]
Tuanku Imam Bonjol featured in the 5,000-rupiah banknote issued by Bank Indonesia. Tuanku Imam Bonjol featured in a 1961 stamp. Tuanku Imam Bonjol was born in Bonjol, Pasaman, West Sumatra.
The youth pledge text. The Youth Pledge (Indonesian: Sumpah Pemuda, lit. ' Youth Oath '), officially titled as Decision of the Congress of Indonesian Youth (van Ophuijsen spelling Indonesian: Poetoesan Congres Pemoeda-pemoeda Indonesia) is the pledge made by young Indonesians since 28 October 1928, which defined the identity of Indonesians.
Almost 100 leading members of the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army are killed by the Japanese near the Batu Caves. Their secret location was betrayed by their leader Lai Teck, who was Double agent. 18 October: Kedah became the Thai possession of Syburi. 1944 11 January World War II: Action of 11 January 1944. World War II: Action of 17 July ...
Two treaties were signed between Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge and Raja Bongsu of Johor in 1606. [100] The combined Johor-Dutch forces ultimately failed to capture Malacca in 1606 . Finally in 1641, the Dutch and Johor headed by Bendahara Skudai, defeated the Portuguese in the Battle of Malacca .
[100] The greatest impact came in France itself. In addition to effects similar to those in Italy and Switzerland, France saw the introduction of the principle of legal equality, and the downgrading of the once powerful and rich Catholic Church. Power became centralized in Paris, with its strong bureaucracy and an army supplied by conscripting ...
Proto-Malayic is the language believed to have existed in prehistoric times, spoken by the early Austronesian settlers in the region. Its ancestor, the Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language that derived from Proto-Austronesian, began to break up by at least 2000 BCE as a result possibly by the southward expansion of Austronesian peoples into the Philippines, Borneo, Maluku and Sulawesi from the ...
A copy of the Hang Tuah Saga in display. Hikayat Hang Tuah (Jawi: حکاية هڠ تواه) is a Malay work of literature that tells the tale of the legendary Malay warrior, Hang Tuah and his four warrior friends - Hang Jebat, Hang Kasturi, Hang Lekir and Hang Lekiu – who lived during the height of the Sultanate of Malacca in the 15th century.