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Ochre (/ ˈ oʊ k ər / OH-kər; from Ancient Greek ὤχρα (ṓkhra), from ὠχρός (ōkhrós) 'pale'), iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. [2] It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown.
Umber is a natural earth pigment consisting of iron oxide and manganese oxide; it has a brownish color that can vary among shades of yellow, red, and green. [ 3 ] : 39 Umber is considered one of the oldest pigments known to humans, first seen in Ajanta Caves in 200 BC – 600 AD.
Along with ochre and umber, it was one of the first pigments to be used by humans, and is found in many cave paintings. Since the Renaissance, it has been one of the brown pigments most widely used by artists. The first recorded use of sienna as a color name in English was in 1760. [4]
At right is displayed the colour English red. This red is a tone of Indian red, made like Indian red with pigment made from iron oxide. The first recorded use of English red as a color name in English was in the 1700s (exact year uncertain). [ 10 ]
Raw umber and burnt umber are two of the oldest pigments used by humans. Umber is a brown clay, containing a large amount of iron oxide and between five and twenty percent manganese oxide, which give the color. Its shade varies from a greenish brown to a dark brown. It takes its name from the Italian region of Umbria, where
[1] [2] Other earth pigments include the green earth pigments or terres vertes, blue earth pigments such as vivianite-based "blue ochre", white earth pigments such as chalk, and black earth pigments such as charcoal. [3] [4] Earth pigments are known for their fast drying time in oil painting, relative inexpensiveness, and lightfastness. Cave ...
Burnt Umber #805533 128 85 51 1903–1944 Apricot #FDD5B1 253 213 177 1958–present No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Almond #EED9C4 238 217 196 1998–present No No No No No Yes Raw Umber #665233 102 82 51 1903–1990 Shadow #837050 131 112 80 1998–present No No No No No Yes Raw Sienna (I) #E6BC5C 230 188 92 1903–circa 1910 Gold (I) #92926E 146
Number Sample Colour name Description, examples RAL 8000: Green brown: Under the name Gelbbraun since 1941 for the Afrika Korps of Wehrmacht also used by the Bundeswehr: RAL 8001: Ochre brown: RAL 8002: Signal brown: Extra camouflage colour (to RAL 7021) for vehicles of the Wehrmacht before 1940 RAL 8003: Clay brown: RAL 8004: Copper brown: RAL ...