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A two-way slab has moment resisting reinforcement in both directions. [24] This may be implemented due to application requirements such as heavy loading, vibration resistance, clearance below the slab, or other factors. However, an important characteristic governing the requirement of a two-way slab is the ratio of the two horizontal lengths.
Waffle slabs are composed by intricate formwork, and may be more expensive than other types of slabs, but depending on the project and the quantity of concrete needed it may be cheaper to build. There are two types of waffle slab system: One way waffle slab system; Two way waffle slab system
Marcus's method is a structural analysis used in the design of reinforced concrete slabs.The method was developed by Henri Marcus and described in 1938 in Die Theorie elastischer Gewebe und ihre Anwendung auf die Berechnung biegsamer Platten. [1]
Since the 1950s there have been several attempts to develop theories for arching action in both one and two-way slabs. [5] [6] [7] One of the principal approaches to membrane action was that due to Park [8] which has been used as a basis for many studies into arching action in slabs. Park's approach was based on rigid plastic slab strip theory ...
This formula is known as the symmetric difference quotient. In this case the first-order errors cancel, so the slope of these secant lines differ from the slope of the tangent line by an amount that is approximately proportional to h 2 {\displaystyle h^{2}} .
The entries of the 2-by-2 Galerkin matrix are (,),, =,, while the components of the right-hand-side vector of the Galerkin equation are (), =,. Finally, the approximate solution V y {\displaystyle V\mathbf {y} } is obtained from the components of the solution vector y {\displaystyle \mathbf {y} } of the Galerkin equation and the basis as ∑ j ...
The difference of two squares can also be illustrated geometrically as the difference of two square areas in a plane. In the diagram, the shaded part represents the difference between the areas of the two squares, i.e. a 2 − b 2 {\displaystyle a^{2}-b^{2}} .
Slabs are one of the greatest consumers of concrete in many buildings, [14] so reducing the slab mass can make a relatively large difference to the environmental impact of a building's construction. Biaxial slabs may be marginally cheaper than solid slabs, partly due to the lower mass.
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