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The standard IV estimator can recover local average treatment effects (LATE) rather than average treatment effects (ATE). [1] Imbens and Angrist (1994) demonstrate that the linear IV estimate can be interpreted under weak conditions as a weighted average of local average treatment effects, where the weights depend on the elasticity of the ...
For example, a person weighing 75 kg with burns to 20% of his or her body surface area would require 4 x 75 x 20 = 6,000 mL of fluid replacement within 24 hours. The first half of this amount is delivered within eight hours from the burn incident, and the remaining fluid is delivered in the next 16 hours. [6]
Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. . Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tis
Intraosseous infusion (IO) is the process of injecting medication, fluids, or blood products directly into the bone marrow; [1] this provides a non-collapsible entry point into the systemic venous system. [2] The intraosseous infusion technique is used to provide fluids and medication when intravenous access is not
A volume expander is a type of intravenous therapy that has the function of providing volume for the circulatory system. It may be used for fluid replacement or during surgery to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery. [1]
Jackson-Pratt Drain Trans man with two Jackson-Pratt drains after keyhole mastectomy. A Jackson-Pratt drain (also called a JP drain) is a closed-suction medical device that is commonly used as a post-operative drain for collecting bodily fluids from surgical sites. The device consists of an internal drain connected to a grenade-shaped bulb or ...
Intravenous sugar solution, also known as dextrose solution, is a mixture of dextrose (glucose) and water. [1] It is used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss. [ 2 ] Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever , hyperthyroidism , high blood calcium , or diabetes insipidus . [ 2 ]
A surgical drain is a tube used to remove pus, blood or other fluids from a wound, [1] body cavity, or organ. They are commonly placed by surgeons or interventional radiologists after procedures or some types of injuries, but they can also be used as an intervention for decompression.