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Bessarabia [a] (/ ˌ b ɛ s ə ˈ r eɪ b i ə /) is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Budjak region covering the southern coastal region and part of the Ukrainian Chernivtsi Oblast covering a ...
Romania in 1940 with Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina highlighted in orange-red Soviet military parade in Chișinău on July 4, 1940. As Romania agreed to satisfy Soviet territorial demands, the second plan was immediately put into action, with the Red Army immediately moving into Bessarabia and north Bukovina on the morning of 28 June.
Map of Bessarabia. The Bessarabian question, Bessarabian issue or Bessarabian problem (Romanian: Problema basarabeană or chestiunea basarabeană; Russian: Бессарабский вопрос or бессарабская проблема) is the name given to the controversy over the ownership of the geographic region of Bessarabia that began with the annexation of the region by the Russian ...
Bukovina's population was historically ethnically diverse. Today, Bukovina's northern half is the Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine, while the southern part is Suceava County of Romania. [2] Bukovina is sometimes known as the 'Switzerland of the East', given its diverse ethnic mosaic and deep forested mountainous landscapes. [5] [6] [7]
Such figures were not confirmed after the opening of Soviet archives: historian Igor Cașu indicated a figure of 86,604 people from Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and Hertsa Region who suffered political repression in 1940–1941, the greater part (53,000) being subjected to forced conscription for labour across the Soviet Union.
More than 45,000 Jews, likely 60,000, were killed in Bessarabia and Bukovina. Furthermore, until 15 November 1943, between 104,522 and 120,810 Romanian citizens of Jewish ethnicity or descent originating in Bessarabia, Bukovina and the Old Kingdom died in Transnistria as a result of typhus, hunger, cold or straightforward murder. [7]
Moldavia's last major territorial loss took place in 1812. The Ottomans and the Russian Empire would wage a war between 1806 and 1812, which ended with the Treaty of Bucharest that ceded to the latter Bessarabia, the eastern part of the principality. This region, just like Bukovina, suffered severe Russian colonization. [9]
However in August of that same year a wave of arrests of the OUN members swept through Bukovina, cutting off local insurgents' ties with the Organization. In 1944 the first units of people's self-defense were created based on the OUN 's formations in Bessarabia and Bukovina – they were named the Bukovinian Ukrainian Self-Defense Army (BUSA).