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The usual treatment of a standardised Adie syndrome is to prescribe reading glasses to correct for impairment of the eye(s). [1] Pilocarpine drops may be administered as a treatment as well as a diagnostic measure. [1] Thoracic sympathectomy is the definitive treatment of diaphoresis, if the condition is not treatable by drug therapy. [1]
Adie tonic pupil: Tonic pupil is usually an isolated benign entity, presenting in young women. It may be associated with loss of deep tendon reflex (Adie's syndrome). Tonic pupil is characterized by delayed dilation of the iris, especially after near stimulus, segmental iris constriction, and sensitivity of pupil to a weak solution of pilocarpine.
Ross Syndrome is a progressive autonomic dysfunction that can occur in any age, ethnicity, or gender. The average age of diagnosis for Ross syndrome is 36 years and affects more females than males. [7]
Paroxysmal tonic upgaze (PTU) of childhood is a rare and distinctive neuro-ophthalmological syndrome characterized by episodes of sustained upward deviation of the eyes. Symptoms normally appear in babies under one year of age and are characterized by an upward stare or gaze, with the eyes rolled back, while the chin is typically held low.
The Marcus Gunn pupil is a relative afferent pupillary defect indicating a decreased pupillary response to light in the affected eye. [3] In the swinging flashlight test, a light is alternately shone into the left and right eyes. A normal response would be equal constriction of both pupils, regardless of which eye the light is directed at.
The older literature on AR pupils did not report the details of pupillary constriction (brisk vs. tonic) that are necessary to distinguish AR pupils from tonic pupils. Tonic pupils can occur in neurosyphilis. [3] It is not known whether neurosyphilis itself (infection by Treponema pallidum) can cause tonic pupils, or whether tonic pupils in ...
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) or spreading depolarization (SD) is a wave of electrophysiological hyperactivity followed by a wave of inhibition. [3] Spreading depolarization describes a phenomenon characterized by the appearance of depolarization waves of the neurons and neuroglia [ 4 ] that propagates across the cortex at a velocity of 1 ...
The World Health Organisation has stated that depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and a major contributor to the global burden of disease. [5] Stephen Ilardi has described depression as a "disease of civilisation", stating "We were never designed for the sedentary, indoor, sleep-deprived, socially-isolated, fast-food-laden, frenetic pace of modern life".