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Both Georgiev and Duridanov use the comparative linguistic method to decipher ancient Thracian and Dacian names, respectively.. Georgiev argues that one can reliably decipher the meaning of an ancient place-name in an unknown language by comparing it to its successor-names and to cognate place-names and words in other IE languages, both ancient and modern.
The substratum words have been used, in some cases, to corroborate Dacian words reconstructed from place- and personal names, e.g., Dacian * balas = "white" (from personal name Balius), Romanian bălan = "white-haired" However, even in this case, it cannot be determined with certainty whether the Romanian word derives from the presumed Dacian ...
According to Crossland (1982), the evidence of names from the Dacian, Mysian and Thracian area seems to indicate divergence of a 'Thraco-Dacian' language into northern and southern groups of dialects, but not so different as to rank Thracian and Dacian as separate languages, There were also the development of special tendencies in word ...
Roman head of a Dacian of the type known from Trajan's Forum, AD 120–130, marble, on 18th-century bust. The Dacians (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ən z /; Latin: Daci; Ancient Greek: Δάκοι, [1] Δάοι, [1] Δάκαι [2]) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea.
The process of determining if a word is from the substratum involves comparison to Latin, languages with which Romanian came into contact, or determining if it is an internal construct. If there are no matching results, a comparison to Albanian vocabulary, Thracian remnants or Proto-Indo-European reconstructed words is made. [1]
The Baltic classification of Dacian and Thracian was proposed by the Lithuanian polymath Jonas Basanavičius, referred to as "Patriarch of Lithuania", who insisted this is the most important work of his life and listed 600 identical words of Balts and Thracians [8] [9] [10] and was the first to investigate similarities in vocal traditions between Lithuanians and Bulgarians. [11]
If you look at List of Romanian words of possible Dacian origin, you will see several words suggested as Dacian by Russu. Most have plausible Latin etymologies e.g. strănut ("a sneeze") , which obviously derives from Latin sternutum (same meaning, cf It starnuto). So Russu's claim that these words were Dacian is completely bogus.
This is a list of plant names in Dacian, surviving from ancient botanical works such as Dioscorides' De Materia Medica (abb. MM) and Pseudo-Apuleius' Herbarius (abb. Herb.). Dacian plant names are one of the primary sources left to us for studying the Dacian language , an ancient language of South Eastern Europe .