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The history of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, is the timeline ranging from the inception of the Quran during the lifetime of Muhammad (believed to have received the Quran through revelation between 610 and 632 CE [1]), to the emergence, transmission, and canonization of its written copies.
In Persian Sufi Illuminationism (see: Najm al-Din Kubra), all creation is a successive outflow from the original Supreme Light of Lights (Nur al-Anwar) (see: Nūr (Islam)). The cosmology of this tradition is a kind of Emanationism in which immaterial Light descends from the Light of Lights in ever-diminishing intensity.
The Battle of Surat, also known as the Sack of Surat, was a land battle that took place on 5 January 1664, near the city of Surat, in present-day Gujarat, India, between Shivaji, leader of the fledgling Maratha State and Inayat Khan, a Mughal commander. The Marathas defeated the Mughal military unit posted at Surat.
Al-Ḥāqqah (Arabic: الحاقة) is the 69th chapter of the Qur'an with 52 verses ().There are several English names under which the surah is known. These include “The Inevitable Hour”, “The Indubitable”, “The Inevitable Truth”, and “The Reality”.
Abu Abd Al-Rahman al-Sulami writes, "The reading of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Zayd ibn Thabit and that of all the Muhajirun and the Ansar was the same. They would read the Quran according to the Qira'at al-'ammah. This is the same reading which was read out twice by the Prophet to Gabriel in the year of his death.
Al-Qamar [1] (Arabic: القمر, romanized: al-qamar, lit. 'The Moon') is the 54th chapter of the Quran, with 55 verses .The Surah was revealed in Mecca. The opening verses refer to the splitting of the Moon. "Qamar" (قمر), meaning "Moon" in Arabic, is also a common name among Muslims.
36-37 Former generations destroyed as a warning to the people of Makkah; 38 The heavens and the earth created in six days; 39-40 Muhammad exhorted to patience with unbelievers; 41-44 Events at Day of Resurrection and proof of Allah's ability to create and cause anything (especially humans) to die
Al-Araf [2] [3] (Arabic: ٱلأعراف, al-ʾAʿrāf; meaning: The Heights) is the 7th chapter of the Qur'an, with 206 verses . Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation ( Asbāb al-nuzūl ), it is a " Meccan surah ", which means it was revealed before the Hijra .