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[1] [3] The silica composition of rhyolitic magma ranges from 65-75 wt.%. [1] It forms in the lowest temperature range, from about 1200 °F to 1470 °F. [1], [3] Rhyolitic magma has the highest viscosity and gas content. [1] It produces the most explosive volcanic eruptions, including the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius. [1]
The types of minerals present in volcanic ash are dependent on the chemistry of the magma from which it erupted. Considering that the most abundant elements found in silicate magma are silicon and oxygen, the various types of magma (and therefore ash) produced during volcanic eruptions are most commonly explained in terms of their silica content.
In the deep ocean, another 26.2 Tmol Si Year −1 is dissolved before being deposited to the sediments as opal silica. [20] At the sediment water interface, over 90% of the silica is recycled and upwelled for use again in the photic zone. [20] Biogenic silica production in the photic zone is estimated to be 240 ± 40 Tmol si year −1. [36]
The Grímsvötn volcano in Iceland is a sub-glacial volcano, located beneath the Vatnajökull ice cap. For a typical sub-glacial eruption, overlying glacial ice is melted by the heat of the volcano below, and the subsequent introduction of meltwater to the volcanic system results in a phreatomagmatic explosion. [12]
Pozzolana from Mount Vesuvius volcano, Italy. Pozzolana or pozzuolana (/ ˌ p ɒ t s (w) ə ˈ l ɑː n ə / POT-s(w)ə-LAH-nə, Italian: [potts(w)oˈlaːna]), also known as pozzolanic ash (Latin: pulvis puteolanus), is a natural siliceous or siliceous-aluminous material which reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature (cf. pozzolanic reaction).
A volcanic eruption is essentially the only natural way for short-lived – less than a few years – gases like sulfur dioxide and water vapor to make it into the stratosphere.
This figure describes the geological aspects and processes of the carbonate silicate cycle, within the long-term carbon cycle. The carbonate–silicate geochemical cycle, also known as the inorganic carbon cycle, describes the long-term transformation of silicate rocks to carbonate rocks by weathering and sedimentation, and the transformation of carbonate rocks back into silicate rocks by ...
Super volcano is the term used to describe volcanoes that have gradually over time built up immense amounts of magma and could wreak havoc if ejected onto the planet's surface. And in the heart of ...