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They also have essentially 100% bioavailability and can be used for drugs that are poorly absorbed or ineffective when they are given orally. [25] Some medications, such as certain antipsychotics, can be administered as long-acting intramuscular injections. [37] Ongoing IV infusions can be used to deliver continuous medication or fluids. [38]
Intraperitoneal injections are a way to administer therapeutics and drugs through a peritoneal route (body cavity). They are one of the few ways drugs can be administered through injection, and have uses in research involving animals, drug administration to treat ovarian cancers, and much more.
A drug that is administered rectally will in general (depending on the drug) have a faster onset, higher bioavailability, shorter peak, and shorter duration than oral administration. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Another advantage of administering a drug rectally, is that it tends to produce less nausea compared to the oral route and prevents any amount of the ...
Other medications may also be administered in this way, including papaverine, phentolamine, and aviptadil. [20] The most common adverse effects of intercavernosal injections include fibrosis and pain, as well as hematomas or bruising around the injection site. [20]
Swallowing tends to be the safest and slowest method of ingesting drugs. It is safer as the body has a much greater chance to filter out impurities. As orally administered drugs take effect later, the effects tend to last longer as well, making oral administration a preferred method among dance and rave groups for drugs such as amphetamine and ...
Enteral administration is food or drug administration via the human gastrointestinal tract. This contrasts with parenteral nutrition or drug administration (Greek para, "besides" + enteros), which occurs from routes outside the GI tract, such as intravenous routes. Enteral administration involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large ...
Medications can be administered in different ways, such as by mouth, by infusion into a vein, or by drops put into the ear or eye. A medication that does not contain an active ingredient and is used in research studies is called a placebo. [4] In Europe, the term is "medicinal product", and it is defined by EU law as:
Typically, the drug is given this way to avoid being stopped by the blood–brain barrier, as it may not be able to pass into the brain when given orally. Drugs given by the intrathecal route often have to be compounded specially by a pharmacist or technician because they cannot contain any preservative or other potentially harmful inactive ...